Mammals from the Base de Selva da Polícia Militar, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil

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ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Check List 19 (5): 675-690 >
https://doi.org/10.15560/19.5.675 PENSUFT.

Mammals from the Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Porto Velho,
Rondonia, Brazil

RAUL AFONSO POMMER-BARBOSA!, ANDRE LUIZ DA CRUZ PRESTES’, WELINGTON DA SILVA
PAULA DO NASCIMENTO’, JESSICA FERNANDA TEODORO REIS*, GEOVANNA SANTOS DA SILVA‘,
CLAUDIA CHRISTIAN BEZERRA DE SOUZA’, FLAVIO APARECIDO TERASSINI’, MIZAEL ANDRADE
PEDERSOLI®, MARCELA ALVARES OLIVEIRA’

1 Clube de Astronomia e Ciéncias de Rondénia, Universidade Federal de Rond6nia, Porto Velho, Rondé6nia, Brazil « raulpommer@
hotmail.com @ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1914-5184

2 Policia Militar do Estado de Rondonia, Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil « alcprestes@gmail.com ® https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-
9828

3 Universidade Federal de Rondonia, Porto Velho, Rondénia, Brazil » WSPN: welington1717@gmail.com @® https://orcid.org/0000-
0001-6935-952 e CCBS: claudia.christianbs@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-7486

4 Centro Universitario Sao Lucas, Curso de Ciéncias Biologicas, Porto Velho, Rondénia, Brazil « JFTR: jessicaferl9@outlook.com ®https://
orcid.org/0000-0001-9910-7374 « GSS: geovannas487@gmail.com @ https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5881-622X

5 Departamento de Medicina, Centro Universitario Sao Lucas, Porto Velho, Rond6nia, Brazil « ticksman@gmail.com @https://orcid.org/
0000-0001-9871-3989

6 Centro Universitario Sao Lucas, Universidade Federal do Acre, Universidade Federal de Rond6énia, Porto Velho, Rondénia, Brazil e
mizapedersoli@yahoo.com.br ® https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-657X

7 Programa de Poés-graduacao em Conservac¢ao e Uso de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Rondénia, Porto Velho, Rond6nia,
Brazil + marcela.mugrabe@gmail.com @ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4129-993X

* Corresponding author

Abstract. The state of Rondénia harbors 185 of the 399 species of mammals recorded from the Amazon biome,
which corresponds to 46.4% of the total number of species. The state is also an important center of diversity and
endemism, especially due to the presence of major biogeographical barriers such as the rio Madeira. We employed
trap cameras and track surveys to assess the mammal community in the Base de Selva da Policia Militar in Rond6-
nia state, Brazil. During one year of survey, we recorded 40 species of medium-sized and large mammals, and, in
our study, we recorded the highest mammal richness for a locality in Rondénia, which highlights the importance
of private protected areas for mammal conservation in the state. Camera-trap records also showed the occurrence
of threatened species. Finally, we provide recommendations for additional studies in this region that is threatened
by deforestation and expansion of agriculture.

Keywords. Camera trap, Madeira River, private protected areas, species richness

Academic editor: Guilherme Garbino
Received 19 June 2023, accepted 22 September 2023, published 3 October 2023

Pommer-Barbosa RA, Prestes ALC, Nascimento WSP, Reis JFT, Silva GS, Souza CCB, Terassini FA, Pedersoli MA, Oliveira MA
(2023) Mammals from the Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Porto Velho, Rond6nia, Brazil. Check List 19 (5): 675-690. https://doi.
org/10.15560/19.5.675

Introduction mammal diversity on the planet (Quintela et al. 2020).

Mammals provide several ecological services in the
Brazil is the country with the highest biodiversity of ecosystems they occur, contributing to seed disper-
mammals in the world, with 775 native species recog- _ sion, pollination, predation, and other ecological inter-
nized (Abreu et al. 2022). This amounts to 13% of the actions (Lacher et al. 2019). They also are a traditional

©The authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

676

source of protein, income, and medicine for human
populations (Baia Junior et al. 2010; Oliveira and Calo-
uro 2020; Oliveira et al. 2021; Sena et al. 2021). The
exploitation of mammals is tied to the use of forests for
economic development, which causes habitat reduc-
tion and fragmentation (Silva-Junior et al. 2022). Mam-
mals are one of the groups most affected by habitat loss
(Costa et al. 2019) and are threatened by changes in
their social structure, reduced availability of prey, and
changes in reproductive behavior, among other threats.
(Palmeira and Barrela, 2007). For this reason, knowing
the distribution of species and potential threats to them
are essential to prioritizing conservation actions.

The Brazilian state of Rondénia harbors 185 of the
399 species (or 46.4%) of mammals known from the
Brazilian Amazon (Andriolo et al. 2022). Thus, Rond6-
nia is an important center of endemism, especially due
to the presence of major biogeographical barriers such
as the rio Madeira in the northern part of the state (Sil-
va et al. 2005). However, the state is completely inserted
within the “Arc of Deforestation”, a region character-
ized by one of the highest rates of deforestation in the
Amazon (Cabral et al. 2018). As almost everywhere in
the Neotropics, mammals in Rond6nia face a variety of
threats, including hunting (Ramos et al. 2020; Oliveira
et al. 2022), roadkill (Caires et al. 2019; Pommer-Bar-
bosa and Oliveira 2022; Oliveira et al. 2023), retaliation
due to human-wildlife conflicts (Lima et al. 2020), and
habitat loss from construction of hydroelectric power
plants (Araujo et al. 2022). Therefore, protected areas
are necessary to ensure the maintenance of mamma-
lian populations.

The Brazilian government has established various
types of protected areas as a way to make sure that dif-
ferent species of flora and fauna are kept safe. In the
rural environment, especially within privately-owned
areas, the Brazilian Forest Code establishes the man-
datory creation of permanent protected areas and legal
reserves. Both categories have a special regime of use
and have, as one of their functions, to ensure the pro-
tection of biodiversity as well as the quality of life of
human populations (Law 12.651, May 25, 2012). In
addition, it is important to consider the ecological rela-
tion among the species of the community, the use of the
forests by traditional communities, and environmental
awareness that ensure a temporary refuge for seed-dis-
persing mammals (Cazetta and Fahrig 2022; Souza et
al. 2022). Thus, the maintenance and protection of bio-
diversity, notably the mammalian fauna, in these pro-
tected areas need to be evaluated.

Andriolo et al. (2022) noted that more faunal survey
studies are needed to determine the geographical dis-
tribution and mammal diversity in Rondénia. With the
aim to fill this gap and improve our knowledge of the
distribution of mammals and the list of species occur-
ring in Rondénia, we conducted an inventory of medi-
um-sized and large non-volant mammals at the Base de
Selva da Policia Militar in Porto Velho, Rondénia.

Check List 19 (5)

Study Area

We conducted our study at the Base de Selva da Policia
Militar from Rondonia state, under the responsibility
of the Special Operations Battalion. The base is approx-
imately 6,100 km? and is located in the municipality
of Porto Velho, at km 42 of the BR-364 highway exit
to the state of Acre, lot 43 A, Gleba Garcas, Sector 04
(09°06'21.22"S, 064°01'34.59" W). The area is part of the
microbasin of the rio Gargas, a right margin tributary
of rio Madeira. The base is covered by primary forest
within a large forest block of approximately 1,700 km?
(Fig. 1). The area was created primarily for environ-
mental education activities and for jungle-environment
training for policemen, firefighters, the brazilian army,
the civil police, the State Secretariat for Environmental
Development, universities, scouts, and other entities in
order to conserve fauna and flora and to train. The sur-
rounding properties of the base have small, diverse live-
stock ranches, such as chickens and cattle.

With the urban development in the municipality of
Porto Velho and the advancement of agriculture and
real estate speculation, the area became the target of sev-
eral attempts to invade land for disorderly and criminal
exploitation. The vegetation typology of the region is
Lowland Ombrophilous Forest with vines, and around
our study site there are deforested rural properties. The
region has an equatorial climate with two well-defined
seasons: a dry season between May and September and
a rainy season between October and April; average
annual temperature is between 17 and 24 °C. The sea-
sonal climate reflects droughts during the winter and
heavy rains in the summer. The average annual rainfall
in the state varies between 1,340 mm and 2,340 mm,
with the average for June, July, and August <50 mm/
month (Silva et al. 2015).

During the study, hunters were recorded in cam-
era traps in four occasions, and we also observed dogs,
hunter-waiting areas, and shotgun cartridges. All
events were checked with the headquarters manage-
ment to verify that they were not related to training,
and it was confirmed that they were illegal hunters.
According to management, it is common for hunters to
infiltrate the area.

Methods

We conducted our survey of medium-sized and
large mammals using camera traps from July 2020 to
June 2021, which included both dry and rainy seasons.
We used eight camera traps (HC-900A) fixed to trees at
an average height of 50 cm from the ground and posi-
tioned to ensure the best probability of recording. As
this is a military police area, it is not possible to indicate
the location of the camera traps.

The cameras continuously recorded 30-second vid-
eos when activated, with no pauses between recordings.
The cameras were operational for the entire 12-month
sampling period, operating 24 hours a day for a total
of 70,080 hours of the total of all cameras installed.

Pommer-Barbosa et al. | Mammals from the Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Brazil

64°2.460'W 64°1.860°W

9°6.978'S 9°6.498'S 9°6.018'S 9°5.538'S

9°7.458'S

64°1.260'W

677

64°0,660'W

Figure 1. Location of the study area, the Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Porto Velho, Ronddnia state, Brazil.

In this research, we did not use baits, and we did not
randomly distribute the camera traps. Eight sampling
points were placed along the five transects we selected,
including locations where mammals were expected to
pass through the interior of the forest and its perime-
ter. There were trails in the forest that were in a saltlick,
along small streams and banks of rivers, and around
fruit trees, and they had recently been opened. Every
20-30 days, we checked the cameras to make sure they
were in operational, replaced the batteries, and checked
the memory cards. During the maintenance of the trap
cameras, it was possible to make occasional recordings
while walking along the linear transect, which were
approximately 2-3 km long.

For the identification of species, the guides of Eisen-
berg and Redford (1999) and Emmons (1997) were
used. The nomenclature used here follows Abreu et al.
(2022), except for the genus Plecturocebus for which
we follow Byrne et al. (2016). We also use Leontoce-
bus Wagner, 1839 for the small tamarins (Rylands et
al. 2016 contra Garbino and Martins Junior 2018) and
Passalites Gloger, 1841 for Gray Amazonian Brocket
(Morales-Donoso et al. 2023). To assess the degree of
threat to extinction of each species, the IUCN Red List
of Threatened Species version 2022-2 (IUCN 2023) and
the Official list of Threatened Species of the Ministry of

the Environment were consulted (Ordinance MMA n°
148, 07 June 2022) (MMA 2022).

Results

A richness of 40 species of mammals, belonging to 21
families and eight orders, was recorded. (Table 1, Fig.
2). The order Carnivora accounted for 33.3% of the
recorded richness. From the total, 17.9% are classified
as Vulnerable according to the IUCN (2023), and 28.2%
are categorized as Vulnerable in the Brazilian regional
list (MMA 2022). In addition, dogs and domestic cats
were recorded on the tracks.

Order Didelphimorphia
Family Didelphidae

Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758
Common Opossum
Figure 2A

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rond6nia « Porto Vel-
ho; 09°07'17"S, 064°01'31"W; 83 m alt.; 15.XI.2020;
Raul Afonso Pommer-Barbosa obs.; camera-trap pho-
to; primary forest.

Identification. This is a medium-sized species up to 1.7
kg (Voss et al. 2001). It has a dark stripe on the front and

678 Check List 19 (5)

Table 1. Mammals Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Porto Velho, Ronddnia state, Brazil. Methods: CT = camera trap; OS = opportu-
nistic sightings. IUCN and MMA status: VU = Vulnerable.

Taxon Vernacular name Methods IUCN MMA
DIDELPHIMORPHIA

Didelphidae

Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 Common Opossum CT a5 1
Marmosa demerarae (Thomas, 1905) Woolly Mouse Opossum OS - =
Metachirus nudicaudatus (E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1803) Brown Four-eyed Opossum OS _ =
CINGULATA

Dasypodidae

Dasypus novemcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) Nine-banded Armadillo CT _ an
Dasypus beniensis (L6nnberg, 1942) Long-nosed Armadillo CT = bes
Chlamyphoridae

Cabassous unicinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo CT is, —
Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792) Giant Armadillo CT VU VU
PILOSA

Megalonychidae

Choloepus didactylus (Linnaeus, 1758) Linné’s Two-toed Sloth OS a =
Myrmecophagidae

Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758 Giant Anteater CT VU VU
Tamandua tetradactyla (Linnaeus, 1758) Collared Anteater CT VU =
PRIMATES

Atelidae

Alouatta puruensis (L6nnberg, 1941) Purus Red Howler Monkey OS = —J
Cebidae

Mico rondoni (Ferrari et al., 2010) Rondon’s Marmoset OS VU VU
Leontocebus weddelli (Deville, 1849) Weddell’s Saddle-back Tamarin OS _ —
Sapajus apella (Linnaeus, 1758) Brown Capuchin OS =) ae.
Pitheciidae

Plecturocebus brunneus (Wagner, 1842) Brown Titi OS VU oa
RODENTIA

Caviidae

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766) Capybara CT — —
Cuniculidae

Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766) Paca CT = =
Dasyproctidae

Dasyprocta variegata (Tschudi, 1845) Agouti CT = _
Echimyidae

Dactylomys dactylinus (Desmarest, 1817) Amazon Bamboo Rat OS = =
Erethizontidae

Coendou longicaudatus Daudin, 1802 Long-tailed Porcupine OS —_ _
Sciuridae

Hadrosciurus spadiceus (Olfers, 1818) Southern Amazon Red Squirrel OS =n =
CARNIVORA

Canidae

Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) Crab-eating Fox tai a _
Speothos venaticus (Lund, 1842) Bush Dog CT =, VU
Mustelidae

Eira barbara (Linnaeus, 1758) Tayara CT == =
Galictis vittata (Schreber, 1776) Greater Grison CT ss =
Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) Neotropical Otter CT = VU

Pommer-Barbosa et al. | Mammals from the Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Brazil

679

Taxon Vernacular name Methods IUCN MMA
Procyonidae

Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766) South American Coati CT ee —_
Potos flavus (Schreber, 1774) Kinkajou OS t. =
Procyon cancrivorus Cuvier, 1798 Crab-eating Raccoon CT _ _
Felidae

Herpailurus yagouaroundi (E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803) Jaguarundi CT — VU
Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Ocelot CT = =e
Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1821) Margay CT a VU
Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) Puma CT a. VU
Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) Jaguar CT im] VU
PERISSODACTYLA

Tapiriidae

Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) Lowland Tapir CT VU VU
CETARTIODACTYLA

Cervidae

Mazama americana (Erxleben, 1777) Red Brocket CT ue y=
Passalites nemorivagus (Cuvier, 1817) Amazonian Brown Brocket CT z= =
Tayassuidae

Dicotyles tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758) Collared Peccary CT — _
Tayassu pecari (Link, 1795) White-lipped Peccary CT VU VU

eae"
Bax

Figure 2. Marsupials and xenathrans recorded in Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Porto Velho, Rondénia state, Brazil. A. Didelphis
marsupialis. B. Marmosa demerarae. C. Metachirus nudicaudatus. D. Dasypus novemcinctus. E. Dasypus beniensis. F. Cabassous uni-

cinctus.

680

another on each eye but is not as well-marked as Didel-
phis albiventris. It has large, glabrous ears with a black
pinna. Its dorsal region has long white hairs, black cov-
ering hairs, and a creamy-yellow ventral coat. The tail is
prehensile, with black on the basal region and the rest
is yellowish white (Voss and Jansa 2003).

Order Cingulata
Family Dasypodidae

Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758
Nine-banded Armadillo
Figure 2D

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondonia + Porto
Velho; 09°07'17"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 13.X1.2020;
Raul Afonso Pommer-Barbosa obs.; camera-trap pho-
to; primary forest.

Identification. This species has an elongated head with
a long, pointed snout. A cephalic shield extends almost
to the end of the snout. The carapace is dark brown,
with yellowish shields of varying intensity, especially
on the mobile belts, which are usually nine and locat-
ed in the median region of the carapace. There are four
toes on the forelimbs and five on the hind limbs (McBee
and Baker 1982; Parera 2002).

Order Cingulata
Family Chlamyphoridae

Cabassous unicinctus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo
Figure 2F

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondé6nia « Porto Vel-
ho; 09°07'17"S, 064°01'31"W; 83 m alt. 13.XI.2020;
Raul Afonso Pommer-Barbosa obs.; camera-trap pho-
to; primary forest.

Identification. This armadillo has a carapace with 10-13
not very well demarcated mobile bands; the carapace is
dark brown with yellowish edges (Emmons 1997). There
are five toes on the forelimbs, and the middle toenail is
larger and sickle-shaped, which is an adaptation to dig-
ging. The ears are small, and there are more than 50
irregularly distributed cephalic shields (Wetzel 1980).

Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792)
Giant Armadillo
Figure 3A

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondoénia « Porto
Velho; 09°07'17"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 13.X1.2020;
Raul Afonso Pommer-Barbosa obs.; camera-trap pho-
to; primary forest.

Identification. This is the largest extant species of
armadillo. It has 11-13 highly flexible, movable belts
which give animals a flexible shell. The body is dark
brown, except for the head, tail, and around the edge
of the carapace, which are lighter. Hairs are few and far
between (Nowak 1999). The long, tapering tail is cov-
ered by small, pentagonal shields (Emmons 1997). On
the third finger, there is a falciform claw measuring
about 20 cm (Nowak 1999).

Check List 19 (5)

Order Pilosa
Family Megalonychidae

Choloepus didactylus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Linné’s Two-toed Sloth
Figure 3B

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondénia « Porto
Velho; 09°05'40"S, 064°01'35"W; 83 m alt.; 05.V.2021;
André Luiz da Cruz Prestes obs.; opportunistic Sight-
ings; primary forest.

Identification. The coat is uniform grayish brown over
the entire body except for the face, which is paler, and
with the top of the head and shoulders, which are dark-
er (Nowak 1999).

Family Myrmecophagidae

Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus, 1758
Giant Anteater
Figure 3C

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondonia « Porto
Velho; 09°07'17"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 13.X1.2020;
Raul Afonso Pommer-Barbosa obs.; camera-trap pho-
to; primary forest.

Identification. This species has a dense coat which varies
from dark gray to black. The forelimbs have four toes and
three strong, large claws, with the claw of the third fin-
ger largest. The hind limbs have five toes, each with short
claws. The forelimbs are white with black bands on the
wrist and above the claws. There is a diagonal white band
on the side of the body (Eisenberg and Redford 1999).

Order Primates
Family Atelidae

Alouatta puruensis Lonnberg, 1941
Purus Red Howler Monkey

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondénia « Porto Vel-
ho; 09°05'40"S, 064°01'35" W; 83 m alt.; 02.1V.2021; Jéssi-
ca Teodoro obs.; opportunistic sightings; primary forest.

Identification. Males of this species are dark reddish
with a slightly golden back, and females are nearly
orange and with a pale golden back (Gregorin 2006).
This taxon was previously considered a subspecies of
Alouatta seniculus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Hill 1962; Stanyon
et al. 1995), and Groves (1993) considered A. s. puruen-
sis to be synonymous with A. seniculus and, later, syn-
onymous with A. s. juara (Groves 2001, 2005). Recently,
A. s. puruensis has been recognized as a distinct species
(Gregorin 2006).

Family Cebidae

Mico rondoni Ferrari et al., 2010
Rondon’s Marmoset
Figure 3E

Material examined. BRAZIL — Rondénia e Porto Vel-

ho; 09°05'40"S, 064°01'35"W; 83 m alt.; 02.IV.2021; Jéssi-
ca Teodoro obs.; opportunistic sightings; primary forest.

Pommer-Barbosa et al. | Mammals from the Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Brazil 681

Figure 3. Xenathra and primate species recorded in Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Porto Velho, Rond6énia state, Brazil. A. Prio-
dontes maximus. B. Choloepus didactylus. C. Myrmecophaga tridactyla. D. Tamandua tetradactyla. E. Mico rondoni. F. Leontocebus
weddelli.

Identification. This species has relatively little facial
hair, which is present in the nasal area and between the
eyes and extends from the forehead to the sides of the
head; the hair is densest in the ears and on the neck.
The face is unpigmented but has spots of melanin on
the lips and nostrils. There is a white rim around the
face, contrasting with the adjacent gray pelage. The
hind limbs are brown, and the proximal portion of the
tail, which is black with white spots, is blackened. The
dorsal and ventral regions are gray (Ferrari et al. 2010).
This taxon was initially described as an isolated popu-
lation of Mico emiliae (Thomas 1920) by de Vivo (1985).
However, morphological and molecular analyses indi-
cated it was a new species (Nagamachi et al. 1999; Sena
et al. 2002), which was described as M. rondoni by Fer-
rari et al. (2010).

Order Rodentia
Family Caviidae

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766)
Capybara
Figure 4C

Material examined. BRAZIL -— RondOonia e Porto Vel-

ho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 02.11.2021; Raul
Afonso Pommer-Barbosa obs.; camera-trap photo; pri-
mary forest.

Identification. This species is the largest living rodent.
It has a large head, short, round ears, short limbs, and a
vestigial tail. The coat is thick and long, with a reddish-
brown to grayish upper parts, and brown to yellowish
lower parts (Emmons 1997).

Family Cuniculidae

Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766)
Paca
Figure 4D

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondonia « Porto
Velho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 26.IX.2021;
Geovanna Santos da Silva obs.; camera-trap photo; pri-
mary forest.

Identification. The head is broad head, and the limb
relatively strong. There are elongate digits, four on the
forefeet and five on the hindfeet. The tail is reduced and
imperceptible. The coat is short and that varies from
reddish brown to dark brown, and there is a pattern of

Check List 19 (5)

Figure 4. Primates and rodents recorded in Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Porto Velho, Rond6énia state, Brazil. A. Sapajus apella. B.
Plecturocebus brunneus. C. Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. D. Cuniculus paca. E. Dasyprocta variegata. F. Dasyprocta sp.

whitish, rounded patches in longitudinal lines on the
sides of the body (Reis et al. 1996).

Family Echimyidae

Dactylomys dactylinus (Desmarest, 1817)
Amazon Bamboo Rat
Figure 5A

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondonia « Porto Vel-
ho; 09°07'10"S, 064°01'23" W; 83 m alt.; 27.IX.2021; Jés-
sica Teodoro obs.; opportunistic sightings; primary
forest.

Identification. This species has a long, hyspid coat,
with a grayish-yellow back with black streaks, a band
of darker hairs from neck to tail, and a band of light-
er hairs from muzzle to neck. The head is lighter. Hair
on the ventrum entirely white, and there is no defined
boundary with the back. The tail is almost completely
covered with short hair, with large scales visible, except
for the first 60 mm near the base, which is covered with
long hair. There is a band of darker hair from the tip of
the snout to the nape (Bonvicino et al. 2008).

Order Carnivora
Family Canidae

Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766)
Crab-eating Fox
Figure 5C

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondonia « Porto
Velho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 27.IX.2021;
Geovanna Santos da Silva obs.; camera-trap photo; pri-
mary forest.

Identification. This species has a relatively short snout
and pale-gray sides of the body; the tips of the ears,
back of the legs, and the region between the jaws are
black (Berta 1982).

Speothos venaticus (Lund, 1842)
Bush Dog
Figure 5D

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondoénia « Porto
Velho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 21.1X.2021;
Geovanna Santos da Silva obs.; camera-trap photo; pri-
mary forest.

Identification. This species has small, rounded ears
and a short tail, snout, and limbs. It has a thick, red-
dish-brown coat throughout the body, except for the
head which is slightly reddish-golden (Eisenberg and
Redford 1999),

Pommer-Barbosa et al. | Mammals from the Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Brazil

683

Figure 5. Rodents and carnivores recorded in Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Porto Velho, Rond6nia state, Brazil. A. Dactylomys
dactylinus. B. Coendou longicaudatus. C. Cerdocyon thous. D. Speothos venaticus. E. Eira barbara. F. Galictis vittata.

Family Mustelidae

Eira barbara (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tayara
Figure 5E

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondonia « Porto
Velho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 25.X1.2020;
Raul Afonso Pommer-Barbosa obs.; camera-trap pho-
to; primary forest.

Identification. This species has an elongate body,
short limbs, and a long tail. The coat and head are dark
brown, and there may be a yellowish-white spot on the
neck (Eisenberg and Redford 1999).

Galictis vittata (Schreber, 1776)
Greater Grison
Figure 5F

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondonia « Porto
Velho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 19.X.2020;
Raul Afonso Pommer-Barbosa obs.; camera-trap pho-
to; primary forest.

Identification. This species has an elongate body and
short limbs. The throat, belly, face, and limbs are black
and separated from the grayish back by a white band

which extends longitudinally from forehead to shoul-
ders (Emmons 1997).

Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818)
Neotropical Otter
Figure 6D

Material examined. BRAZIL — Rond6nia « Porto Vel-
ho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 12.1V.2021; Raul
Afonso Pommer-Barbosa obs.; camera-trap photo; pri-
mary forest.

Identification. This species has an elongate body, with
a total length of 53-80 cm and a weight of 5-14 kg. It
has a dense coat, with an inner layer of fine, soft hair
and an outer layer of longer, stiffer hair. It is predomi-
nantly brown, but the throat is lighter than the rest of
the body. The tail is muscular, flattened, and with inter-
digital membranes (Eisenberg and Redford 1999).

Family Procyonidae
Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766)

South American Coati
Figure 5B

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondonia « Porto
Velho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 19.11.2021;

Check List 19 (5)

Figure 6. Carnivores recorded in Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Porto Velho, Ronddnia state, Brazil. A. Lontra longicaudis. B. Nasua
nasua. C. Procyon cancrivorus. D. Herpailurus yagouaroundi. E. Leopardus pardalis. F. Leopardus wiedii.

Geovanna Santos da Silva obs.; camera-trap photo; pri-
mary forest.

Identification. This is a medium-sized mammal with
a long, narrow snout. Its coat may vary from dark yel-
low to brown on dorsally, and the belly is lighter than
the back. The tail is not prehensile and has thick, black
rings. The ears are short (Gompper and Decker 1998).

Family Felidae

Herpailurus yagouaroundi (E. Geoffroy Saint-
Hilaire, 1803)
Jaguarundi

Figure 6D

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondonia « Porto
Velho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 08.IV.2021;
Raul Afonso Pommer-Barbosa obs.; camera-trap pho-
to; primary forest.

Identification. This species has a small, elongate, flat
head with small, rounded ears. The body is slender,
with a long tail and short legs. Coloration can vary, but
in forested environments it is dark brown (Emmons
1997). The species has previously been included in the
genus Puma by Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999) and Mat-
tern and McLennan (2000).

Order Perissodactyla
Family Tapiriidae

Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lowland Tapir
Figure 7C

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondénia « Porto
Velho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 08.IV.2021;
Raul Afonso Pommer-Barbosa obs.; camera-trap pho-
to; primary forest.

Identification. The head of this species is convex, with
a prominent sagittal crest and a narrow mane which
extends from the base of the snout to halfway down the
back (Emmons 1997). The muzzle has a small, movable
trunk and is curved downward, and there is an exten-
sion on the upper lip (Eisenberg 1989). The coat is short,
rough, and blackish brown, but on the chest, belly, and
limbs, it is dark brown; the mane is black, and the sides
of the face brown and grayish (Padilla and Dowler 1994).

Order Cetartiodactyla
Family Cervidae

Mazama americana (Erxleben, 1777)
Red Brocket
Figure 7D

Pommer-Barbosa et al. | Mammals from the Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Brazil

Figure 7. Felis and ungulates recorded in Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Porto Velho, Ronddnia state, Brazil. A. Puma concolor. B.
Panthera onca. C. Tapirus terrestris. D. Mazama americana. E. Passalites nemorivaga. F. Dicotyles tajacu. G. Tayassu pecari.

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondonia « Porto
Velho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 17.VI.2021;
Claudia Christian Bezerra de Souza obs.; camera-trap
photo; primary forest.

Identification. This is the largest species in the genus
Mazama Rafinesque, 1817 and has a uniform, reddish-
brown body. The neck and face are gray. The internal
areas of the hind limbs, tail, submandibular, tip of the
upper jaw and internal edge of the ears are white (Duarte

1996). Males have short horns which are approximately
10 cm long and unbranched (Varela et al. 2010).

Passalites nemorivagus (Cuvier, 1817)
Amazonian Brown Brocket

Figure 7E
Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondénia « Porto
Velho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 17.V1.2021;
Claudia Christian Bezerra de Souza obs.; camera-trap
photo; primary forest.

686

Identification. This species is grayish brown with a
small, well-defined subterminal box on the back and
sides of the neck. The back of the tail is dark brown with
a white belly. The abdominal region varies from light
brown to yellowish brown. Males have a single, spike-
shaped horn (Azevedo et al. 2021).

Family Tayassuidae

Dicotyles tajacu (Linnaeus, 1758)
Collared Peccary
Figure 7F

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rondoénia « Porto
Velho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31" W; 83 m alt.; 17.V1.2021;
Claudia Christian Bezerra de Souza obs.; camera-trap
photo; primary forest.

Identification. The body is Brown or black in col-
or, speckled with white, with white or yellowish
bands, and there is a white collar on the neck which
extends obliquely from the back to above the shoulders
(Emmons 1997).

Tayassu pecari (Link, 1795)
White-lipped Peccary
Figure 7G

Material examined. BRAZIL - Rond6nia « Porto Vel-
ho; 09°06'34"S, 064°01'31"W; 83 m alt.; 16.VII.2020;
Raul Afonso Pommer-Barbosa obs.; camera-trap pho-
to; primary forest.

Identification. This species is dark brown to black, and
there is a light spot along the entire mandible, a char-
acteristic of the species. It has a robust body, and a long
head, which is proportionally large in relation to the
body (Emmons 1997; Diaz and Barques 2002).

Discussion

Our study recorded the highest mammal richness from
a locality in Rondo6nia state, highlighting the impor-
tance of private protected areas for mammal conser-
vation in the state. This difference in species richness
between our study and previous surveys may be due
to the methods used, size of the area, and intensity of
anthropic influence. Ferronato et al. (2018), Medeiro et
al. (2019), and Silva et al. (2021) used linear transects
as the main method to record species. In this method,
transects or trails are randomly arranged within the
study area, and these transects are preferably walked
during the hours of 06:00-12:00, as this is considered
the time of peak activity of most diurnal mammal spe-
cies, especially primates and rodents (NCR 1981; Peres
and Cunha 2011). Unlike linear transections, camera
traps operate 24 hours regardless of the presence of the
researcher and can be set at strategic points of animal
passage, ensuring a greater record of species. For certain
groups, such as carnivores and armadillos, the camera
trap method is the most appropriate (Santos et al. 2019;
Nagy-Reis et al. 2020; Antunes et al. 2022). Fragoso et
al. (2016) noted that the use of diverse methods favors

Check List 19 (5)

a greater record of species due to sampling biases and
focus groups.

The size of the study area may be important.
Medeiro et al. (2019) conducted their survey in a per-
manent protected area, which is a riparian forest, with
a maximum width of 81 m and an area of 1.01 km”. Sil-
va et al.’s (2021) study was conducted in a legal reserve
area of 1.29 km’. In both studies, the study areas were
immersed in a matrix of pasture. Thus, the study areas
were smaller sizes with different anthropic impacts
than our study area, limiting the long-term persistence
of the species. The study by Ferronato et al. (2018), on
the other hand, surveyed a large forest block, with lim-
ited human presence, although timber management did
occur. In Ferronato et al.’s study, the area surveyed was
a large forest block composed of Karitiana Indigenous
Land and the Bom Futuro National Forest, with a total
area of approximately 1,700 km’. Even though hunting
occurs in this area, these protected regions may favor
the recruitment of new individuals.

The recording of exotic species is a potential threat
to recorded native species. The domestic cat and the
domestic dog are among the most recorded exotic spe-
cies in the Neotropics, and they may threat native ani-
mals by introducing of diseases, hybridization, and
preying native species (Leonard et al. 2013; Vilela and
Lamim-Guedes 2014). In rural environments, these
species freely breed, have unrestricted access to forest-
ed environments, and have low vaccination coverage,
potentiating their impact on native species (Martinez et
al. 2013). Assis et al. (2023) recorded through a system-
atic review and anecdotal records 48 native species of
vertebrates preyed upon by domestic cats in the Ama-
zon, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest. Rangel and Neiva
(2013) recorded 36 occurrences of injuries caused by
domestic dogs on wild animals in the Botanical Gar-
den of Rio de Janeiro from 2005 to 2012. In that study,
33% of the animals were collected already dead, 17%
were rescued but had severe injuries, and 50% were
orphaned pups whose mothers were killed. These data
reinforce the need to understand the impacts and inter-
actions occurring in forest environments between exot-
ic and native species.

The recorded presence of hunters represents a con-
cern regarding the conservation of a portion of the
recorded species. Of the 40 species recorded by us, 55%
of them are susceptible to hunting (Oliveira et al. 2022).
Although game meat has both economic and nutri-
tional importance to traditional and local communities
(Rogan et al. 2018; Booth et al. 2021; Torres et al. 2022),
this extraction model is responsible for the extinction
process of different species around the planet (Galetti
and Dirzo 2013). Of the species susceptible to hunt-
ing, we highlight Tapiris terrestris and T. pecari, both
species classified as “Vulnerable” in both the IUCN
and Brazilian Red Lists. Tapiris terrestris is an impor-
tant seed disperser and is threatened by hunting, habi-
tat fragmentation, resource extraction, and population
isolation. To this end, one of the necessary research

Pommer-Barbosa et al. | Mammals from the Base de Selva da Policia Militar, Brazil

projects is the monitoring of populations throughout
this species’ distribution (Medici et al. 2012). Tapiris
pecari is similar; however, there are no specific conser-
vation programs for it (Keuroghlian et al. 2012). Thus,
the detection of T. pecari within a landscape that suffers
anthropogenic pressures can positively contribute to
the creation of conservation programs for both species.

Besides hunting for food, there is also hunting for
control purposes or due to human-wildlife conflicts.
Among the species that are the target of this hunting
modality we highlight the large felids, especially Puma
concolor and Panthera onca, both categorized as Vul-
nerable to extinction in the Brazilian Red List. Lima
et al. (2020) pointed out that these species are mainly
killed in retaliation due to depredation of domestic ani-
mals. Felids have key roles in trophic interactions, and
a better understanding of their distribution is essential
for conservation management (Nagy-Reis et al. 2020),
especially in highly impacted environments susceptible
to hunting. Although both hunting modalities were not
possible to evaluate, they may compromise the long-
term persistence of 55% of the species recorded.

This investigation discovered several endangered
species at the site (Table 1). Ronddénia is renowned for
its high biological diversity, which increases the likeli-
hood of discovering numerous endangered species in
the area. However, the precise diversity of endangered
species can vary depending on the research method
employed, the size of the studied area, and the time
period for which data are collected. To effectively mon-
itor and conserve endangered species, it is necessary to
establish long-term research programs, constant moni-
toring, and conservation efforts that consider not only
the species but also the threats to their habitat and sur-
vival. In addition, collaboration between scientists,
governments, NGOs, and local communities is essen-
tial to preserve the region’s biodiversity.

From the species recorded, we highlight the Rond6-
nia-endemic Mico rondoni, which is classified as Vul-
nerable. The distribution area initially described for
the species was 68,649 km/? (Ferrari et al. 2010), and
six years later there was already a loss of 15,500 km’,
with 71% of its geographic distribution not in protected
areas. The expected loss of its total geographic distribu-
tion by 2040 is 50% (Ochoa-Quintero et al. 2017). Thus,
the maintenance of protected areas and areas with spe-
cial private use regimes will be essential for the conser-
vation of this species.

The studied area has a high species richness, encom-
passing species susceptible to anthropogenic threats,
and some of these species are vulnerable to extinction.
The legal reserves and permanent protected areas are
special-use and protected spaces that need more atten-
tion, recognition, and resources for a better design and
implementation (Palfrey et al. 2022). The fact that such
protected areas are patches are isolated and surrounded
by a rural landscape reflects how the implementation
does not prioritize a design that favors the connectivity
of the fragments, which is a serious concern in limiting

687

gene flow. Therefore, long-term studies on the richness
and abundance of these populations needed to validate
the importance of these areas in the conservation of
species.

Acknowledgements

We thank the military police of Rond6nia state, Bra-
zil, and the Batalhao de Operacées Especiais for logis-
tical support and for authorizing the research (CODE
0011882179 and CRC F6DFCD02). We thank the
Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel
Superior - Brasil (CAPES) for PDPG-Amazénia Legal
research fellow MAO (88887.717863/2022-00). We also
thank anonymous reviewers for their contributions.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: RAPB, ALCP. Data curation: RAPB,
MAO. Funding acquisition: RAPB, ALCP. Investigation:
RAPB, ALCP, WSPN, JFTR, GSS, CCBS, FAT, MAP,
MAO. Project administration: RAPB, ALCP. Writing -
original draft: RAPB, ALCP, WSPN, JFTR, GSS, CCBS,
FAT, MAP, MAO. Writing - review and editing: RAPB,
MAO.

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